chapter one
Introducing Theories
1.1 Two Theoretical Sources
1.2 Stephen Toulmin's Theory
1.3 Carl Rogers’Theory
Tasks Critical thinking activities:
A. The Pattern of an Argument: Data and Warrants（Excerpts）
B. Conununication: Its Blocking and Its Facilitation
chapter Two
Basic Concepts
2.1 Defining Argumentation and Argument
2.2 Argumentation and Communication
2.3 Argumentation and Persuasion
2.4 Argumentation and Explanation
2.5 Work Ethic for Argumentation
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Where Is Argument?
B. Argumentation，Speaker and Audience（Excerpts）
C. Persusasion（Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Freeway Sparks Development Dilemma
B. China Finds Its Shangri-La in Tourism
C. Text of President Bush's Speech to the Nation
D. Text of Saddam Hussein's Speech
chapter Three
Definition（1）
3.1 Defining Definition
3.2 The Need for a Proper Definition in Argumentation
3.3 Functions of Definition
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Choice, Presence, and Presentation
B. Persuasive Definition （Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Text of Bush’s Speech
B. On Freedom
chapter Four
Definition（2）
4.1 The Basic Structure of a Definition
4.2 First-level Definition
4.3 Common Ways of First-level Defining
4.4 Second-level Elaboration
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Marriage
B. Defining Abortion Is a Tricky Business
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Selection from Plato’s Phaedra
B. “Equal”Does Not Mean “Same”
C. Gay Marriage and the Right to Vote
chapter Five
Claims
5.1 The Nature of a Claim
5.2 The Function of a Claim
5.3 The Structure of a Claim
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Fact and Value （Excerpts）
B. Bush，Kerry Trade Barbs Over Jobs
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Ten Reasons Not to Hit Your Kids
B. Stephen Ambrose and the Rights of Passage
C. Should Stephen Ambrose Be Pardoned?
chapter Six
Claims of Fact
6.1 Defining a Claim of Fact
6.2 Presenting Facts in a Claim of Fact
6.3 Relativity of Certainty in a Claim of Fact
6.4 Supporting a Claim of Fact
6.5 Challenging a Claim of Fact
6.6 A Case Study
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Truth and Power （Excerpts）
B. Leader: Show Us the Proof
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Loving the Little Emperor
B. Little Emperors，Little Brats
chapter seven
Claims of Value
7.1 Defining a Claim of Value
7.2 Supporting a Claim of Value
7.3 Challenging a Claim of Value
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. Is Ethics a Science? （Excerpts）
B. What Is Noble? （Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers’Brief
B. Last Rights
C. In Response to Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers Brief
chapter Eight
Claims of Policy
8.1 Defining a Claim of Policy
8.2 Establishing a Problem
8.3 Matching the Problem with the Course of Action
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
The Analysis of the Problem （Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. What We Owe to Parents （Excerpts）
B. A Right to Care
C. Worst of Both Worlds
chapter Nine
Support
9.1 Defining Support
9.2 Evidential Support
9.3 Motivational Support
9.4 Measuring the Strength of Support
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
Field Dependence（Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. The Answer to Terrorism? Colonialism
B. Freedom in a Time of Terrorism
C. John Kerry's Speech to the National Congress of the American Indians
chapter ten
Quoting
10.1 Quoting for a Purpose
10.2 Factors That Constrain Quoting
10.3 Ways of Quoting
10.4 System of Quotation
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
Fullness of Argumentation
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Whatever Happened to the University?
B. A Proposal to Abolish Grading
chapter Eleven
warrant
11.1 Defining Warrant
11.2 Types of Warrants
Tasks
Ⅰ Critical thinking activities:
A. The Ideological Problem of Social Science（Excerpts）
B. The Notion of Formal Validity（Excerpts）
Ⅱ Writing tasks:
A. Teach Them the Real America
B. In Defense of Multiculturalism
C. Against Multiculturalism
D. The Bottom of Multiculturalism's Barrel
chapter Twelve
concluding Remarks: Critical Reading
12.1 Critical Reading
12.2 A Critical ADDroach
A Sample Task for the Final Examination
Worksheet for Argumentation
Main References
Essential Glossary of Argument
Common Fallacies
