前辅文
1 Def ining Educational System
1.1 The Origins of Research on Educational System
1.2 Signif icance of the Reform of Educational System
1.3 The Concept of Educational System
1.4 Elements of Educational System
1.5 Relationship Between Educational System and Economic System
1.6 Classif ication of Educational System
1.7 Various Educational Systems
1.8 Policy Perspective on Educational System
1.9 Institutional Perspective on Educational System
1.10 Characteristics of Educational System in China Before Reform and Opening Up
1.11 The Beginning of the Educational Reform Since 1978 in China
1.12 Direction of the Reform of the Educational System After the Initiation of Economic Reform
1.13 Goals, Tasks and Measures for the Reform of Educational System in
1.14 Deepening the Reform of Educational System in the 1990s
1.15 “National Outline” Enforcement and Local Educational Reform Initiation
1.16 The Outline of This Book
2 Pursuing Good Governance: Educational Administration System in China
2.1 Introduction to the System of Educational Administration
2.1.1 The Concept of the System of Educational Administration
2.1.2 Classif ication of the System of Educational Administration
2.1.3 The Functions of the System of Educational Administration
2.2 The System of Educational Administration During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
2.2.1 The Context, Tasks, Guideline and Achievements in Educational Reform and Development in This Period
2.2.2 Establishment of Educational Administrative Institutions at Various Levels
2.2.3 Measures Taken by the New Educational Administrative Departments to Reform Public and Private Education
2.3 Educational Administration During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
2.3.1 The Organization and Policy Changes in This Period
2.3.2 The Administrative System of Education in Primary and Secondary Education (1957–1965)
2.3.3 Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions (1957–1965)
2.4 Educational Administration During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
2.4.1 Organization and Policy Changes in Educational Administration (1966–1976)
2.4.2 Administration of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1966–1976)
2.4.3 Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions (1966–1976)
2.5 Educational Administration During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
2.5.1 Organization and Policy Changes in Terms of Educational Administration (1977–1991)
2.5.2 The Reform of the System of Administration of Primary and Secondary Education (1977–1991)
2.5.3 The Reform of Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions (1977–1991)
2.6 The System of Educational Administration During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
2.6.1 Organizational and Policy Changes in Terms of Educational Administration (1992–2016)
2.6.2 The Reform of Educational Administration in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
2.6.3 The Reform of Administration in Higher Education Institutions (1992–2016)
2.6.4 Historical Experience of Reform of the System of Educational Administration
2.7 Current Situation of Reform of the System of Educational Administration
2.7.1 Current Situation of the System of Educational Leadership and Administration
2.7.2 Current Situation of Educational Administration in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools
2.7.3 Current Situation of Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions
2.8 Problems Facing China in the Reform of Educational Administration
2.8.1 Problems Facing China due to Governments’ Position in Educational Development
2.8.2 Problems Facing China due to Governments’ Macro-Management of Education
2.8.3 Problems in the System of Educational Administration in Primary and Secondary Schools in China
2.8.4 Problems in the System of Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions in China
2.9 Strategies and Measures for Further Reforms of the System of Educational Administration
2.9.1 Addressing Problems of Governmental Functions in Educational Administration
2.9.2 Strengthening Governments’ Macro-Management
2.9.3 Strategies and Measures for Reform of the System of Educational Administration in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools
2.9.4 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Educational Administration in Higher Education Institutions
3 Increasing Education Vigor: Internal Management System in Schools in China
3.1 Introduction to the System of Internal Management
3.1.1 The Concept of the System of Internal Management
3.1.2 Classif ication of the System of Internal Management
3.1.3 Functions of the System of Internal Management
3.2 The System of Internal Management During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
3.2.1 The System of Internal Management in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
3.2.2 The System of Internal Management in Higher Education Institutions (1949–1956)
3.3 The System of Internal Management During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
3.3.1 The System of Internal Management in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
3.3.2 The System of Internal Management in Higher Education Institutions (1957–1965)
3.4 The System of Internal Management During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
3.4.1 The System of Internal Management in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
3.4.2 The System of Internal Management in HEIs (1966–1976)
3.5 The System of Internal Management During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
3.5.1 The System of Internal Management in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
3.5.2 The System of Internal Management in Higher Education Institutions (1977–1991)
3.6 The System of Internal Management During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
3.6.1 The System of Internal Management in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
3.6.2 The System of Internal Management in HEIs (1992–2016)
3.6.3 Historical Experience in the Reform and Development of the System of Internal Management in China
3.7 Current Situation of the System of Internal Management in China
3.7.1 Current Situation of the System of Internal Management in Primary and Secondary Schools
3.7.2 Current Situation of the System of Internal Management in Higher Education Institutions
4 Engaging Social Actors: Educational Provision System in China
4.1 Introduction to the System of Educational Provision
4.1.1 The Concept of the System of Educational Provision
4.1.2 Classif ication of the System of Educational Provision
4.1.3 The Factors Affecting the System of Educational Provision
4.2 The System of Educational Provision During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
4.2.1 The Reform of the System of Provision of Public Education and Private Education in Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
4.2.2 The Reform of the System of Provision of Education in Pubic and Private Universities and Colleges (1949–1956)
4.3 The System of Educational Provision During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
4.3.1 The Organization and Policy Changes (1957–1965)
4.3.2 The Reform of the System of Provision of Public Education and Private Education in Primary and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
4.3.3 The Reform of the System of Provision of Public Education and Private Education in HEIs (1957–1965)
4.4 The System of Educational Provision During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
4.4.1 The Reform of the System of Provision of Public and Private Education in Primary and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
4.4.2 The Reform of the System of Provision of Higher Education (1966–1976)
4.5 The System of Educational Provision During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
4.5.1 Formulation of Policies on Mutual Sponsoring and Running Schools by Both State and Private Agents (1977–1991)
4.5.2 The Reform of the System of Educational Provision in Primary and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
4.5.3 The Reform of the System of Educational Provision in HEIs (1977–1991)
4.6 The System of Educational Provision During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
4.6.1 Formulation of Policies for Running Schools Mutually by the State and Private Agents (1992–2016)
4.6.2 The Reform of the System of Provision of Public and Private Education in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
4.6.3 The Reform of System of Provision of Higher Education (1992–2016)
4.6.4 Historical Experience of the System of Educational Provision
4.7 Current Situation of the System of Provision of Education
4.8 Problems Facing China in the System of Educational Provision
4.8.1 Problems Facing China in the System of Educational Provision in Primary and Secondary Schools
4.8.2 Problems Facing China in the System of Educational Provision in Public and Private Higher Education Institutions
4.9 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Educational Provision
4.9.1 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Educational Provision in Primary and Secondary Schools
4.9.2 Strategies and Measures for the Reform in the System of Educational Provision in Higher Education
5 Strengthening Educational Autonomy: Educational Enrollment System in China
5.1 Introduction to the System of Enrollment
5.1.1 The Concept of the System of Enrollment
5.1.2 Classif ication of the System of Enrollment
5.1.3 Functions of the System of Enrollment
5.2 The System of Enrollment During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
5.2.1 The System of Enrollment of Students in Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
5.2.2 The System of Enrollment in HEIs (1949–1956)
5.3 The System of Enrollment During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
5.3.1 The System of Enrollment of Students in Primary and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
5.3.2 The System of Enrollment of Students in Higher Education Institutions (1957–1965)
5.4 The System of Enrollment During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
5.4.1 The System of Enrollment of Students in Primary and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
5.4.2 The System of Enrollment of Students in HEIs (1966–1976)
5.5 The System of Enrollment During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
5.5.1 The System of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
5.5.2 The System of Enrollment in Higher Education Institutions (1977–1991)
5.6 The System of Enrollment During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
5.6.1 The System of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
5.6.2 The System of Enrollment in HEIs (1992–2016)
5.6.3 Historical Experience of the Reform of the System of Enrollment
5.7 Current Situation of the System of Enrollment
5.7.1 Current Situation of the System of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools
5.7.2 Current Situation of the System of Enrollment in HEIs
5.8 Problems Facing China in the System of Enrollment
5.8.1 Problems Facing China in the System of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Schools
5.8.2 Problems Facing China in the System of Enrollment in Higher Education Institutions
5.9 Strategies and Measures for Further Reform of the System of Enrollment
5.9.1 Strategies and Measures for Further Reform of the System of Enrollment in Primary and Secondary Education
5.9.2 Strategies and Measures for Further Reforms of the System of Enrollment in Higher Education
6 Moving Towards Market Orientation: The System of Employment in China
6.1 Introduction to the System of Employment
6.1.1 The Concept of the System of Employment
6.1.2 Classification of the System of Employment
6.1.3 Functions of the System of Employment
6.2 The System of Employment During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
6.2.1 The System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
6.2.2 The System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs (1949–1956)
6.3 The System of Employment During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
6.3.1 The System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools
6.3.2 The System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs (1957–1965)
6.4 The System of Employment During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
6.4.1 The System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
6.4.2 The System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs (1966–1976)
6.5 The System of Employment During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
6.5.1 The System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
6.5.2 The System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs (1977–1991)
6.6 The System of Employment During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
6.6.1 The System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
6.6.2 The System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs (1992–2016)
6.7 Current Situation of the System of Employment
6.7.1 Current Situation of the System of Employment of Graduates in Primary and Secondary Schools
6.7.2 Current Situation of the System of Employment of Graduates in HEIs
6.8 Problems Facing China in the System of Employment
6.8.1 Lack of Strong Guidance by Governments
6.8.2 Employers’ Role in Reform of the System of Employment
6.8.3 Graduates’ Unrealistic Attitudes Toward Employment
6.8.4 Discrepancy Between Demand and Supply
6.8.5 Weakness in Guidance on Employment
6.9 Strategies and Measures for Further Reforms of the System of Employment
6.9.1 Strengthening Functions of Government Management
6.9.2 Active Participation by Enterprises
6.9.3 Strengthening Ideological Education for Graduates
6.9.4 Increasing Requirements for Graduates
6.9.5 More Effective Guidance on Employment
7 Expanding the Channels: Education Finance System in China
7.1 Introduction to the System of Education Finance
7.1.1 The Concept of the System of Education Finance
7.1.2 Classification of the System of Education Finance
7.1.3 Functions of the System of Education Finance
7.1.4 Factors Influencing the System of Education Finance
7.2 The System of Education Finance During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
7.2.1 The Reform of the System of Education Finance (1949–1956)
7.2.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1949–1956)
7.2.3 Finance of Higher Education (1949–1956)
7.3 The System of Education Finance During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
7.3.1 The Reform of the System of Education Finance (1957–1965)
7.3.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1957–1965)
7.3.3 Finance of Higher Education (1957–1965)
7.4 The System of Education Finance During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
7.4.1 The Reform of the System of Education Finance (1966–1976)
7.4.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1966–1976)
7.4.3 Finance of Higher Education (1966–1976)
7.5 The System of Education Finance During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
7.5.1 The Reform of the System of Education Finance (1977–1991)
7.5.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1977–1991)
7.5.3 Finance of Higher Education (1977–1991)
7.6 The System of Education Finance During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
7.6.1 The Reform of the System of Education Finance (1992–2016)
7.6.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education (1992–2016)
7.6.3 Finance of Higher Education (1992–2016)
7.7 Current Situation of the System of Education Finance
7.7.1 Laws and Policies on the System of Education Finance and Basic Sources of Revenues
7.7.2 Finance of Primary Education and Secondary Education
7.7.3 Finance of Higher Education
7.8 Some Problems Facing China in the System of Education Finance
7.8.1 Problems Facing China in the Macro-Management of Education Finance
7.8.2 Problems Facing China in Financing Primary Education and Secondary Education
7.8.3 Problems Facing China in Financing Higher Education
7.9 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Education Finance
7.9.1 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of Macro-Management of Education Finance
7.9.2 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the Finance System of Primary and Secondary Education
7.9.3 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the Finance System of Higher Education
8 Balancing Between Social Equality and Meritocracy: The System of Examination in China
8.1 Introduction to the System of Examination
8.1.1 The Concept of the System of Examination
8.1.2 Classification of the System of Examination
8.1.3 Functions of the System of Examination
8.2 The System of Examination During the Period of Socialist Transformation (1949–1956)
8.2.1 The System of Examination in Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
8.2.2 The System of Examination in HEIs (1949–1956)
8.3 The System of Exanimation During the Period of Socialist Construction (1957–1965)
8.3.1 The System of Examination in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
8.3.2 The System of Examination in HEIs (1957–1965)
8.4 The System of Examination During the Period of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
8.4.1 The System of Examination in Primary and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
8.4.2 The System of Examination in HEIs (1966–1976)
8.5 The System of Examination During the Period of Building Socialist Commodity Economy (1977–1991)
8.5.1 The System of Examination in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
8.5.2 The System of Examination in Higher Education (1977–1991)
8.6 The System of Examination During the Period of Building Socialist Market Economy (1992–2016)
8.6.1 The Reform of the System of Examination in Primary Schools and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
8.6.2 The Reform of the System of Examination in HEIs (1992–2016)
8.7 Current Situation in the System of Examination
8.7.1 Current Situation in the System of Examination in Primary Education and Secondary Education
8.7.2 Current Situation in the System of Examination in Higher Education Institutions
8.8 Problems Facing China in the System of Examination
8.8.1 Problems Facing China in the System of Examination in Primary and Secondary Schools
8.8.2 Problems Facing China in the System of Examination in Higher Education
8.9 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Examination
8.9.1 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Examination in Primary and Secondary Education
8.9.2 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Examination in Higher Education
9 Aiming at School Improvement: System of Educational Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools
9.1 Introduction to the System of Educational Evaluation
9.1.1 The Concept of the System of Educational Evaluation
9.1.2 Classification of the System of Educational Evaluation
9.1.3 Functions of the System of Educational Evaluation
9.2 The System of Educational Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
9.2.1 The System of Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools (1949–1956)
9.2.2 The System of Evaluation of Teachers (1949–1956)
9.2.3 The System of Evaluation of Students (1949–1956)
9.3 The System of Educational Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
9.3.1 The System of Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools (1957–1965)
9.3.2 The System of Evaluation of Teachers (1957–1965)
9.3.3 The System of Evaluation of Students (1957–1965)
9.4 The System of Educational Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools (1966–1976)
9.5 The System Educational of Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
9.5.1 The System of Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools (1977–1991)
9.5.2 The System of Evaluation of Teachers (1977–1991)
9.5.3 The System of Evaluation of Students (1977–1991)
9.6 The System of Educational Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
9.6.1 The System of Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools (1992–2016)
9.6.2 The System of Evaluation of Teachers (1992–2016)
9.6.3 The System of Evaluation of Students (1992–2016)
9.7 Current Situation of the System of Evaluation
9.7.1 Current Situation of the System of Evaluation of Primary Schools and Secondary Schools
9.7.2 Current Situation of the System of Evaluation of Teachers
9.7.3 Current Situation of the System of Evaluation of Students
9.8 Problems Facing China in the System of Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools
9.8.1 Problems Facing China in the Evaluation of Schools
9.8.2 Problems Facing China in Evaluation of Teachers
9.8.3 Problems Facing China in the System of Evaluation of Students
9.9 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Educational Evaluation
9.9.1 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Evaluation of Schools
9.9.2 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Evaluation of Teachers
9.9.3 Strategies and Measures for the Reform of the System of Evaluation of Students
10 Ensuring Performance: Quality Assurance System of Higher Education in China
10.1 Introduction to the System of Quality Assurance of Higher Education
10.1.1 The Concept of System of Quality Assurance of Higher Education
10.1.2 Classification of the System of Quality Assurance of Higher Education
10.1.3 Functions of the System of Quality of Assurance of Higher Education
10.2 The System of Assurance of Higher Education (1949–1956)
10.3 The System of Assurance of Higher Education (1957–1965)
10.4 The System of Assurance of Higher Education (1966–1976)
10.5 The System of Assurance of Higher Education (1977–1991)
10.5.1 Preparatory Stage (1977–1984)
10.5.2 All-Round Development Stage (1985–1991)
10.6 The System of Assurance of Higher Education (1992–2016)
10.7 Current Situation of the System of Quality Assurance of Higher Education
10.7.1 Accreditation of Higher Education Institutions in China
10.7.2 Accreditation and Evaluation of Graduate Education
10.7.3 The Evaluation of Instruction at Various Levels
10.7.4 University Rankings
10.7.5 The Assessment of Key Construction Projects
10.8 Some Problems Facing China in the System of Quality Assurance of Higher Education
10.9 Strategies and Measures for Improving Quality of Higher Education
References
Index
